Thales’ thinking was scientific because it could provide evidence for its conclusions. When the first stirring of scientific curiosity took place in ancient Greece, it was not linked to any religion. These technical abilities, and any theoretical speculation they provoked, were a part of religious practice. Advanced observation and measurement had been the domain of the priestly castes in both Babylon and Egypt. Well over a millennium beforehand both the Babylonians and the ancient Egyptians had developed superior civilizations capable of highly advanced thought. The first appearance of genuine scientific thinking is traditionally credited to Thales, who lived in the sixth century BC in the Greek city of Miletus on the shore of Ionia. In order to understand the problem which Mendeleyev was attempting to solve, it is necessary to go back to the very origin of scientific thought.
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